Only want to take one class with a focus on sustainability rather than a minor or major? You can still take a variety of courses within the curriculum that also count towards General Education Credit, Issued credit, or may be required within your major.

For updated information of course listings and descriptions visit the Course Catalog

BIO 104 - Biology for the 21st Century

Introductory course for nonscience majors designed to provide a biological literacy for making informed personal, social, and environmental decisions. Topics include cell biology, genetics and biotechnology, form and function of the human body,
evolution and ecology. Does not count toward a biology major or minor. Fulfills Foundation - Life Sciences with a Lab. Offered every semester. 4 cr.

BIO 105 - Environmental Science

Study of natural ecosystems, their interrelationships, and human impacts and evolution of humans and environmental determinants of their cultures. Land use, resource and energy utilization, population trends and causative factors, air and
water pollution, and economic factors influencing decision-making are emphasized. Does not count toward a biology major or minor. Fulfills Foundation - Life Sciences. Fulfills one of the Issues requirements. (3-0-0) Offered every semester.

BIO 107 - Great Lakes and Other Water Resources

A study of our region’s water resources, including the Great Lakes, streams, and groundwater, and relationships of people with these systems. Does not count toward a biology major or minor. Designated lecture and laboratory sections are tailored
for prospective elementary teachers. Fulfills Foundation - Life Sciences with a Lab. (3-0-3) Offered fall semester. 4 cr.

BIO 109 - Plants in Water World

A nonmajors course that looks at the ways plants are used by humans as foods, flavorings, fibers, medicines, building materials, etc. Topics include biotechnology, environmental issues, and population issues. 

BIO 120 - General Biology 

Introduction to cell structure and physiology, growth and development, and genetics. Offered every semester. Fulfills General Education Foundations - Life Sciences with a lab

BIO 121 - General Biology II

Students will be introduced to the diversity of living organisms, emphasizing fundamental biological processes operating at the scale of individual organisms. Form and function of organisms will be studied in ecological and evolutionary contexts. Students will explore and apply experimental design and quantitative analysis of data within these contexts. 

BIO 130 - Careers in Biology

Biology is an incredibly broad discipline to which many are drawn, but for whom career paths are often nebulous. This seminar is designed to expose students to the breadth of the biology-related careers and to provide students with the skills to find and navigate their own career path. 

BIO 180 - Special Topics in Biology

Readings, lecture, discussions, lab, or field experience (or any combination) on a specific biological topic.

BIO 205 - Genetics for PK-6 Teachers

Concepts of heredity for pre-service teachers emphasizing human traits. Includes Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics, structure and replication of DNA, protein synthesis, and characteristics of cells. 

BIO 210 - Evolutionary Biology

Principles and mechanisms of the evolution of living organisms. Provides an understanding of evolutionary biology as the foundational underpinning of all of biology

BIO 215 - Ecology

Ecologists study how nature functions. Students will explore emergent properties of natural systems on scales ranging from individuals to ecosystems, and they will study the application of ecological principles to environmental problems caused by global climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances

BIO 222 - Natural History of Vertebrates

A study of taxonomy, ecology, life histories, behavior, and distribution of vertebrates, with special emphasis on those of the local region.

BIO 230 - Introduction to Wildland Fire Management

This course provides students with a basic introduction to wildland and prescribed fire ecology, behavior, and management. This is required training for all personnel seeking to become wildland firefighters under National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) certification standards. 

BIO 232 - Natural History of Invertebrates

Anatomy, physiology, embryology, evolution, and natural history of the major groups of invertebrate animals. Those of the Great Lakes region will be emphasized. 

BIO 243 - Plant Identification and Natural History

Examines the plants of West Michigan with emphasis on identification skills and natural history of the plants and communities in which they occur.

BIO 272 - Insect Biology and Diversity

Anatomy and physiology, life histories, ecology and evolution, and classification of insects. Students will also gain expertise in the collection, curation, and identification of local insects. 

BIO 280 - Special Topics in Biology

Readings, lecture, discussions, lab, or field experience (or any combination) on a specific biological topic. 

BIO 302 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

Phylogeny and anatomy of vertebrates. 

BIO 303 - Plant Morphology

An in-depth study of the morphological evolution of land plants, emphasizing key anatomical and reproductive adaptations to the terrestrial environment. 

BIO 308 - Wildlife Ecology

This course provides an introduction to wildlife ecology including population ecology as it relates to wildlife management and conservation.

BIO 309 - Plants and Human Health

Examination of plants and fungi that are sources of medicines, herbal remedies, or are a regular part of people's diets and have been found to have specific health benefits. 

BIO 311 - Who's Running Your Life: Genes, Evolution and Behavior

The vast majority of human evolutionary history occurred while we lived in small hunter-gatherer groups. This course will examine if our genetically determined behavior from the past is still affecting us today. 

BIO 313 - Plants and Islands

Explores the various roles of plants in island systems and their evolutionary histories and adaptations to these unique environments. This course has a required multiday field study in a coastal or international island setting. 

BIO 315 - Racism in the Conservation Movement

This class will explore how racism and misogyny influenced the field of conservation in the United States from the early 1800s to the present day. 

BIO 319 - Global Agricultural Sustainability

Study of the biological and environmental principles at the foundation of agricultural sustainability; how various traditional and modern agricultural practices follow those principles and how social, cultural, and economic factors ultimately control
agricultural practices. Cohesiveness with other courses in this theme will be maintained by highlighting a specific geographical region. (3-0-0) Offered fall and winter semester. Prerequisite: Completion of the General Education Life Science Requirement. 3 cr.

BIO 323 - Aquatic and Wetland Plants

Examines the plants and algae of the major aquatic habitats of the Great Lakes region with emphasis on taxonomy and ecology.

BIO 325 - Human Sexuality

Introduction to the biological dimensions of human sexuality from physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives. Part of the Health Issue.

BIO 328 - Biomedical Ethics

Examination of ethical dilemmas encountered in medicine and biomedical research, with an emphasis on obligations of health care workers to their patients. Biology majors may not use both BIO 328 and BIO 338 as elective credit within the major. Part of the Health Issue. (3-0-0) Offered fall, winter, and summer semesters. Prerequisites: Junior standing. 3 cr.

BIO 329 - Evolution of Social Behavior

Social behavior links to an animal's quest for evolutionary fitness. Social behavior is rooted in genes and shaped by development, learning, and environment. Through interdisciplinary lenses, we will explore social behavior in diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species, discover behavioral commonalities among species, and learn how scientists study animal behavior. 

BIO 333 - Systematic Botany

Principles and methods of taxonomy of vascular plants. 

BIO 338 - Environmental Ethics

Examines the philosophical underpinnings of environmental ethics. Explores approaches for understanding sustainability issues, solving ongoing environmental problems, and developing a global environmental ethic. 

BIO 342 - Ornithology

Identification, classification, anatomy, physiology, behavior, and life histories of birds. 

BIO 352 - Animal Behavior

Behavior of invertebrates and vertebrates with emphasis on adaptive significance. 

BIO 355 - Human Genetics

Principles of genetics with emphasis on human traits and disorders. Genetic counseling, ethical considerations, technological advances, and evolution in human populations are discussed. 

BIO 357 - Environmental Microbiology

An introduction to microbiology emphasizing the role of microorganisms in the environment. Surveys microbial lifestyles and the roles of microorganisms in food, water, soil, and industrial microbiology, and in nutrient recycling and energy flow. 

BIO 362 - Biology and Diversity of Fishes

Study of the anatomy, morphology, and classification of fishes and their biology, ecology, and evolution. Emphasis on species native to the Great Lakes region. 

BIO 370 - Marine Biology

An exploration into the function, biodiversity and ecology of life in the ocean - the largest of Earth's ecosystems. Marine biology will emphasize principles and processes that underlie and unify vastly different marine communities through
ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Course offered fall semester. Prerequisites: BIO 121 and BIO 215. 3.000 Credit hours. 

BIO 375 - Genetics

Concepts of inheritance in plants, animals, and micro-organisms; both classical and modern investigative techniques are emphasized in the lecture. 

BIO 376 - Genetics Laboratory

Laboratory exercises in classical and modern genetics. 

BIO 380 - Special Topics in Biology

Readings, lecture, discussions, lab, or field experience (or any combination) on a specific biological topic. 

BIO 383 - Plant-Fungal Interactions

Overview of diverse plant-fungal symbiotic relationships from mutualistic to parasitic. Topics include the ecology, evolution, morphology, physiology, and development of plant-fungal associations spanning fungal diversity. Students will gain experience identifying fungi and researching plant-fungal interactions. 

BIO 386 - Ecological Restoration and Management

This course will introduce students to ecological restoration and examine the practical methods and techniques used in ecosystem restoration and management.

BIO 396 - Laboratory Assistant in Genetics

This course provides an opportunity for students to assist genetics laboratory instructors while reinforcing their understanding of introductory genetic concepts and relevant experimental techniques. May be repeated, but only one credit may be applied toward the biology major electives requirements.

BIO 399 - Selected Experiences in Biology

Supervised independent laboratory, field, or other scholarly activity in biology. Topic and amount of credit must be arranged with faculty member and approved by department chair before registration. 

BIO 402 - Aquatic Insects

Advanced study of taxonomic diversity and ecology of aquatic insects, with emphasis on the fauna of local lakes and streams. The role of aquatic insects in stream function and bio-assessment will be emphasized. Students will gain expertise in the scientific collection, curation and identification of aquatic insects.

BIO 403 - Plant Structure and Function

Anatomy and physiology of plants, including interrelationships of structure and function in growth, flowering, seed germination, photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, and mineral nutrition.

BIO 408 - Wildlife Management

An examination of techniques used in the management, research, and conservation of wildlife species. Introduces the fundamental concepts of wildlife management, including wildlife habitat requirements, evaluation of habitat suitability,
interpretation of data analysis techniques, and applied techniques of habitat and population management. Offered fall semester. Prerequisite: BIO/NRM 308. 4 cr.

BIO 412 - Mammalogy

A survey of the class Mammalia. Topics will include mammalian evolution, zoogeography, ecology, physiology, natural history, and behavior with emphasis on Michigan mammals. Students will gain practical experience in the techniques of field study, identification, and preservation of mammal specimens. 

BIO 413 - Freshwater Algae

Detailed study of the freshwater algae of the Great Lakes region. Topics will include the morphology, ecology, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of the major groups. Methods of collection will also be presented, and considerable emphasis will be given to the identification of the regional flora. 

BIO 415 - Fire Ecology and Management

An examination of fire as an ecological and biophysical process, its interactions with and effects on a variety of ecosystem components and use as a resource management tool. A National Wildfire Coordinating Group Certification (RX - 310 Introduction to Fire Effects) is granted upon successful course completion. 

BIO 416 - Advanced Genetics Laboratory

Experiments with both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms will involve techniques of gene induction, ELISA, DNA extraction, isolation and cloning, transformation, protein translation and analysis of genes ligated into expression vectors. 

BIO 417 - International Field Biology

One to three week trips to international locations to study the fauna, flora, ecology of representative ecosystems, climate, geology, paleobiology, environmental problems, and/or human impacts upon the above. The field-based experience is combined with readings, lectures, papers, and discussions. A maximum of six credits from BIO 417 & BIO 418 combined may be applied to the elective credit requirements for the Biology or NRM major. BIO 417 does not satisfy the plant or animal biology requirements, but may be repeated for credit. Offered fall, winter, and spring/summer semesters. Prerequisites: Variable and with permission of instructor. 1-4 cr

BIO 422 - Animal Developmental Biology

Development in animals from the formation of gametes and fertilization through embryogenesis and birth or hatching to adulthood. Emphasis is on process and molecular control. Standard model organisms are studied in the laboratory component.

BIO 423 - Plant Biotechnology

Study of plant development and its control by hormones, environment and genome, and introduction to current techniques and topics in plant biotechnology, such as another culture, protoplast preparation and fusion, embryogenesis, organogenesis, genetic transformation, and developmental mutants. 

BIO 430 - Advanced Wildland Fire Management

This course provides students with advanced skills and knowledge related to wildland- and prescribed-fire ecology, behavior, and management. This is advanced training for all personnel seeking to become Wildland Firefighters under National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) certification standards.

BIO 433 - Plant Ecology

Exploration of plant adaptations and environmental processes governing species distribution and demography, community richness and structure, and ecosystem processes. 

BIO 440 - Limnology

Ecology of lakes and streams with emphasis on the physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting their productivity. (2-0-4) Offered every second fall semester. Prerequisite: BIO 215 or permission of instructor. 4 cr. 

BIO 444 - Herpetology

An overview of the biology and global diversity of amphibians and reptiles. Topics include amphibian and reptile evolution, morphology, physiology, ecology, behavior, and conservation. Students will gain field experience and learn to identify amphibians and reptiles, with emphasis on Michigan species.

BIO 450 - Stream Ecology

Examines the structure and function of stream ecosystems, with emphasis on the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence flowing-water habitats. Laboratory focuses on the methods of stream ecology, including collection and analysis of physical, chemical, and biological data. Field work emphasizes local stream ecosystems. (3-0-4) Offered every second fall semester. Prerequisites: BIO 121 and BIO 215 or permission of instructor. 4 cr.

BIO 451 - Stream Ecology

Examines the structure and function of stream ecosystems, with emphasis on the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence flowing-water habitats. Laboratory focuses on the methods of stream ecology, including collection and analysis of physical, chemical, and biological data. Field work emphasizes local stream ecosystems.

BIO 460 - Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology

Investigation of the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems using a systems approach. Biotic and abiotic processes controlling interactions among biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems will be discussed and examined. Topics will include controls on primary production, evapotranspiration, decomposition, and herbivory; and potential for anthropogenic changes in ecosystem processes. (3-0-3) Offered fall and occasional summer semesters. Prerequisite: BIO 215; NRM 281
recommended. 4 cr.

BIO 460 - Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology

Investigation of the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems using a systems approach. Biotic and abiotic processes controlling interactions among biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems will be discussed and examined. Topics will include controls on primary production, evapotranspiration, decomposition, and herbivory, as well as potential for anthropogenic changes in ecosystem processes.

BIO 465 - Techniques for Modeling Biological Systems

An eclectic survey of biological systems requiring quantitative approaches, and the main deterministic modeling techniques used to study them (except partial differential equations). Modeling techniques include introductions to difference equations, matrix algebra, calculus, and differential equations, plus relevant computer methods, with no prior knowledge assumed.

BIO 470 - Conservation Biology

Theoretical concepts and research applications in the multidisciplinary and applied science of maintaining the planet’s biodiversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Topics include distribution, functions, and value of biodiversity;
causes and consequences of biodiversity loss; conservation solutions; and social, political, legal, ethical, and economic aspects of biodiversity conservation.

BIO 473 - Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions

An examination of the evolution and ecology of plant-animal interactions, focusing on herbivory, pollination, fruit and seed dispersal in both natural and agroecosystems. Course consists of lectures, presentations, and discussions of the primary literature. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. 

BIO 475 - Population Genetics

This course explores the theory and application of genetic mechanisms of inheritance to evolutionary biology. We will use evolutionary models to understand patterns of genetic variation within and between populations. Cross-listed with BIO 575. Offered fall of even-numbered years. 

BIO 480 - Special Topics in Biology

Readings, lecture, discussions, lab, or field experience (or any combination) on a specific biological topic. 

BIO 485 - Molecular Ecology

This course provides an in-depth exploration of the integrative field of molecular ecology, which uses molecular genetic tools to study ecology and evolution. Concepts/theories are introduced in lecture and through discussion of scientific literature. Hands-on experience with analysis of genetic data is provided in computer laboratories.

BIO 486 - Restoration Ecology

This course will introduce students to the science of restoration ecology through an examination of underlying theories and contemporary research in ecosystem restoration. 

BIO 490 - Internship

Practical and applied biology is carried out as an independent study in specialized areas of biology. Such work will be carried out under the supervision of a faculty advisor and a supervisor at the institution where the work is done. May be elected for up to six credits toward the major. 

BIO 495 - Perspectives in Biology (Capstone)

Through literature review and discussion, students examine fundamental principles that drive biological inquiry, such as, the mechanisms determining phenotype, principles of ecological organization, and evolutionary change. Students complete a synthetic project, explore their own knowledge and skills, and develop effective communication and information literacy skills.

BIO 499 - Research in Biology

Can be elected for up to five credits toward the biology major. Number of credit hours and topic to be arranged with faculty member involved.

BIO 502 - Aquatic Insects

Advanced study of taxonomic diversity and ecology of aquatic insects, with emphasis on the fauna of local lakes and streams. The role of aquatic insects in stream function and bioassessment will be emphasized. Students will gain expertise in the scientific collection, curation, and identification of aquatic insects. 

BIO 503 - Plant Structure and Function

Anatomy and physiology of plants, including interrelationships of structure and function in growth, flowering, seed germination, photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, and mineral nutrition

BIO 508 - Wildlife Management

An examination of techniques used in the management, research, and conservation of wildlife species. Introduces the fundamental concepts of wildlife management, including wildlife habitat requirements, evaluation of habitat suitability, interpretation of data analysis techniques, and applied techniques of habitat and population management. 

BIO 512 - Mammalogy

A survey of the class Mammalia. Topics will include mammalian evolution, zoogeography, ecology, physiology, natural history, and behavior with emphasis on Michigan mammals. Students will gain practical experience in the techniques of field study, identification, and preservation of mammal specimens. 

BIO 513 - Freshwater Algae

Detailed study of the freshwater algae of the Great Lakes region. Topics will include the morphology, ecology, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of the major groups. Methods of collection will also be presented, and considerable emphasis given to identification of the regional flora. 

BIO 515 - Fire Ecology and Management

An examination of fire as an ecological and biophysical process, its interactions with and effects on a variety of ecosystem components, and its use as a resource management tool. A National Wildfire Coordinating Group Certification (RX - 310 Introduction to Fire Effects) is granted upon successful course completion. 

BIO 530 - Aquatic Ecosystems and Processes

Aquatic ecosystems play vital functions in our biosphere. Understanding the role of aquatic ecosystems requires knowledge of processes occurring in the air and watersheds, and interactions with aquatic organisms. This lecture/discussion course will be a forum for learning about life and its dynamic interactions in earth’s aquatic ecosystems. Cross-listed with WAT 530. Course offered fall semester of odd-numbered years. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or permission of instructor.

BIO 532 - Advanced Aquatic Ecology

Knowledge of the processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems is required in order to understand their dynamic and vital role in the biosphere. This lecture-discussion course, with special emphasis on freshwater resources, will serve as a forum for learning about recent advances in aquatic ecology and its significance to earth's ecosystems.

BIO 540 - Limnology

Ecology of freshwater ecosystems with emphasis on the physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting their structure and function. 

BIO 544 - Herpetology

An overview of the biology and global diversity of amphibians and reptiles. Topics include amphibian and reptile evolution, morphology, physiology, ecology, behavior, and conservation. Students will gain field experience and learn to identify amphibians and reptiles, with emphasis on Michigan species. 

BIO 550 - Advanced Population Ecology

Advanced exploration of the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of population establishment, growth and decline, cohesion, and structure. Offered fall semester of even-numbered years. Prerequisite: Graduate status in the biology department or
permission of instructor.

BIO 551 - Stream Ecology

Examines the structure and function of stream ecosystems, with emphasis on the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence flowing-water habitats. Laboratory focuses on the methods of stream ecology, including collection and analysis of physical, chemical, and biological data. Field work emphasizes local stream ecosystems. 

BIO 560 - Advanced Community Ecology

Investigations of theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding the diversity, structure, and function of aquatic and terrestrial ecological communities. Coursework consists of lectures and discussion of primary literature as well as an independent student project. Suitable for graduate students in biology, Annis Water Resources Institute, and natural resource management. 

BIO 565 - Techniques for Modeling Biological Systems

An eclectic survey of biological systems requiring quantitative approaches, and the main deterministic modeling techniques used to study them (except partial differential equations). Modeling techniques include introductions to difference equations, matrix algebra, calculus, and differential equations, plus relevant computer methods, with no prior knowledge assumed. 

BIO 570 - Landscape Ecology Theory and Applications

Landscape ecology explores the influence of landscape patterns on ecological processes. Topics include landscape patterns, dynamics, and heterogeneity; issues of scale; and spatial analysis. Students will examine various applications of landscape ecology concepts through discussions of peer-reviewed journal articles, computer-based assignments, and project work. Offered fall semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or permission of instructor. 3.000 Credit hours

BIO 651 - Emerging Issues in Water Resources

The most pressing water resource-related issues facing the planet today will be discussed and analyzed. Particular emphasis will be placed on analyzing these problems from a variety of perspectives, including environmental, economic, societal, and political.

BIO 570 - Landscape Ecology Theory and Application

Landscape ecology explores the influence of landscape patterns on ecological processes. Topics include landscape patterns, dynamics, and heterogeneity; issues of scale; and spatial analysis. Students will examine various applications of landscape ecology concepts through discussions of peer-reviewed journal articles, computer-based assignments, and project work

BIO 572 - Conservation Biology

Theoretical concepts and research applications in the multidisciplinary and applied science of maintaining the planet's biodiversity at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Topics include distribution, functions, and value of biodiversity; causes and consequences of biodiversity loss; conservation solutions; and social, political, legal, ethical, and economic aspects of biodiversity conservation. 

BIO 573 - Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions

An examination of the evolution and ecology of plant-animal interactions, focusing on herbivory, pollination, fruit and seed dispersal in both natural and agroecosystems. Course consists of lectures, presentations, and discussions of the primary literature. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.  

BIO 575 - Population Genetics

This course explores the theory and application of genetic mechanisms of inheritance to evolutionary biology. We will use evolutionary models to understand patterns of genetic variation within and between populations. 

BIO 580 - Special Topics in Biology

Readings, lecture, discussions, lab, or field experience (or any combination) on a specific biological topic.

BIO 585 - Molecular Ecology

This course provides an in-depth exploration of the integrative field of molecular ecology, which uses molecular genetic tools to study ecology and evolution. Concepts/theories are introduced in lecture and through discussion of scientific literature. Hands-on experience with analysis of genetic data is provided in computer laboratories. 

BIO 586 - Restoration Ecology

This course will introduce students to the science of restoration ecology through an examination of underlying theories and contemporary research in ecosystem restoration. 

BIO 593 - Advanced Univariate Methods

This course focuses on experimental design in biology, with an emphasis on interpretation of quantitative approaches, communication of quantitative outputs, and the ultimate structuring of experimentation that results in testable hypotheses using univariate tools, such as regression.  

BIO 594 - Advanced Multivariate Methods

This course focuses on experimental design in biology, with an emphasis on the interpretation of quantitative approaches, the communication of quantitative outputs, and the ultimate structuring of experimentation that results in testable hypotheses using multivariate tools, such as principal component analysis. Concepts are introduced through discussion of sampling regimes and scientific articles. 

BIO 610 - Scientific Methodology

Contemporary skills of biological scientists include hypothesis development, experimental control, data management, critical interpretation of data, project organization and monitoring, collaborative work habits, and effective communication. Skills will be built as students progress through case studies of landmark biological experiments, critiquing the primary literature, and creating their own scientific proposal. 

BIO 651 - Emerging Issues in Water Resources

The most pressing water resource-related issues facing the planet today will be discussed and analyzed. Particular emphasis will be placed on analyzing these problems from a variety of perspectives, including environmental, economic, societal, and political. 

BIO 680 - Special Topics in Biology

Lecture and/or laboratory courses on topics of current interest to graduate students. 

BIO 691 - Graduate Internship

Full-time, on-the-job work performed at a sponsoring entity under the supervision of an approved mentor in an area related to biological sciences. A written internship analysis and a public oral presentation are required. The student will defend the internship in front of their graduate committee. 

BIO 693 - Graduate Project

Application of scientific knowledge to a problem in the biological sciences. Projects will be performed under the supervision of an approved mentor from the sponsoring entity. A written report and public oral presentation are required. The student will defend the results in front of their graduate committee. 

BIO 695 - Thesis Research

Original research in an area related to the biological sciences. Work will be performed under the supervision of the graduate committee chair and/or mentor. A written thesis or publication and a public oral presentation are required. The student will defend the thesis in front of their graduate committee. 

BIO 696 - Continuation of Master's Project or Thesis Research

Continuation of work related to the master's project or thesis phase of the graduate student's program. Registration is required after all respective project or thesis credits are completed and the project or thesis is not completed. Work will be performed under the supervision of the project advisor or thesis committee chair. 

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