What are pyrophoric materials?

Pyrophorics are materials that will ignite spontaneously in air. The flame is often invisible.

How should I handle pyrophoric materials?

• Never work alone
• Solids must be transferred in inert atmospheres
• Liquids should be stored in sealed containers with PTFE-lined septa to prevent air exposure.
• Handling of liquid pyrophorics must be conducted via cannula or syringe transfer to prevent exposure to air if not manipulated within an inert atmosphere
• Do not let the pyrophoric material come in contact with any combustible materials, including paper products
• Needles should be equipped with locking mechanisms to prevent accidental disconnection and release of reagents
• Use a shield or hood with the sash at the lowest possible height whenever possible

What are some examples of pyrophoric materials?

• organometallic reagents (i.e. Grignard reagents)
• alkali earth elements (sodium, potassium, cesium)
• finely divided metals (Raney nickel, aluminum powder, zinc dust)

• metal hydrides (sodium hydride, germane, lithium aluminum hydride)
• alkyl metal hydrides (butyllithium, trimethylaluminum, triethylboron)
• metal carbonyls (nickel carbonyl, iron pentacarbonyl)

• gases (arsine, diborane, phosphine, silane)
• silicon halides (dichloromethylsilane)

What if I spill something pyrophoric?

• Powdered lime or sand can be used to smother the flame
• DO NOT use water or a fire extinguisher for these spills
• If the material make contact with the skin or eyes, flush completely with water for 15 minutes
• Seek first aid for any burns