The intaglio process of engraving was developed in the 15th century by German goldsmiths decorating metalwork. From this grew the engraving of metal plates to produce prints on paper. Engraving is the process of incising a design into a hard surface, like a sheet of copper, by cutting grooves with a burin or graver, sharp, hardened steel tools that can etch or cut metal by applying pressure. Today, several pneumatic and rotary tools can be used, creating different types of lines and textures. Engravings are often identified by their smooth, crisp appearance with very few grey tones. Once images have been engraved on the surface, ink is then applied, and excess is wiped off, forcing the ink into the engraved crevices. In most cases, pressure from a printing press is required to force the paper into the cut lines. 

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