Skip to main content

Public Administration, MPA

Student Outcomes

Assessment of Student Outcomes

Outcome MPA 1.a MPA: Comprehend and Apply Managerial Roles

Students will use systematic reasoning to examine and evaluate managerial roles needed within public, health and nonprofit organizations.

Students will be able to identify the different types of managerial styles and apply them situationally where appropriate.
Objective 1 To lead and manage in public governance. The mission of the School of Public, Nonprofit and Health Administration is to educate students for lives of active citizenship as contributing members of their local, regional, national, and global communities, and for professional careers in public and nonprofit organizations. Therefore the MPA curriculum has been organized to meet the needs of our in-service and pre-service students specifically by developing in our graduate's capacities for "ethical judgment, critical thinking, and core competencies needed to fulfill multiple roles as effective managers and public servants. To this end, the following measures are defined: -Comprehend and apply managerial roles. -Recognize and apply various theories and approaches to leadership -Explain and recognize the environment of public and nonprofit organizations.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2019 Status
Achieved
PA 520 continues to be assessed on a bi-annual basis to ensure teaching quality and to ensure that student learning outcomes are being met. For the 2019-2020 cycle, blinded review of selected assignments from this course scored and average 3.5 (out of 4) on the following scale: 4—Exceeds Standards 3-Meets Standard 2- Needs Improvement 1—Needs Substantial Improvement.

2017 Status
Achieved
The program continues to assess student progress using the rubrics developed by the MPA committee as per NASPAA guidelines.

Measure 2

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2017 Status
Achieved
The MPA program continues to use an internal survey to measure student impressions about the curriculum, faculty, and core competencies.

Outcome MPA 1.b MPA: Recognize and apply various theories and approaches to leadership

Students will be able to identify different approaches to leadership and apply approaches situationally where appropriate.
Objective 2 To lead and manage in public governance. The mission of the School of Public, Nonprofit and Health Administration is to educate students for lives of active citizenship as contributing members of their local, regional, national, and global communities, and for professional careers in public and nonprofit organizations. Therefore we have refined our curriculum to meet the needs of our in-service and pre-service students specifically by developing in our graduate's capacities for "ethical judgment, critical thinking, and core competencies needed to fulfill multiple roles as effective managers and public servants. . To this end, the following measures are defined: -Comprehend and apply managerial roles. -Recognize and apply various theories and approaches to leadership -Explain and recognize the environment of public and nonprofit organizations.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students continue to exceed the threshold

2019 Status
Achieved
The leadership and ethics self-assessment assignment is reviewed biannually. The scores from 2019-2020 indicate that SLOs and course quality are being met. Lower scores on one assignment submitted indicate that SLOs for one student impacted overall assessment scores for this year.

2017 Status
Achieved
We continue to annually assess student learning outcomes as per NASPAA reporting requirements.

Outcome MPA 1.c MPA Environments of public and nonprofit organizations

Students will be able to explain and analyze the environmental and political constraints on public and nonprofit organizations.
Objective 3 To lead and manage in public governance. The mission of the School of Public, Nonprofit and Health Administration is to educate students for lives of active citizenship as contributing members of their local, regional, national, and global communities, and for professional careers in public and nonprofit organizations. Therefore we have refined our curriculum to meet the needs of our in-service and pre-service students specifically by developing in our graduate's capacities for "ethical judgment, critical thinking, and core competencies needed to fulfill multiple roles as effective managers and public servants. . To this end, the following measures are defined: -Comprehend and apply managerial roles. -Recognize and apply various theories and approaches to leadership -Explain and recognize the environment of public and nonprofit organizations.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2018 Status
Achieved
In terms of outcome 1.c (Explain or analyze the environment of public and/or nonprofit organizations) which is part of the NASPAA's Core Competencies which requires our unit to measure student's ability to 'Lead and Manage in Public Governance, this year's assessment continues to show exemplary written and policy analysis skills of our master's students regardless of assignments assessed.

Outcome MPA 2.a MPA Public Policy Analysis: Analyze and evaluate public policymaking and its processes

Use systematic reasoning to examine and evaluate information and ideas and then synthesize conclusions to propose new perspectives and solutions in the development of public policy for public, nonprofit and health organizations in the United States.

Students will:
• Assess relevant information, perspectives and assumptions.
• Construct logical conclusions based on reason and evidence.
• Formulate novel approaches or create innovative interpretations for evaluating the effectiveness of adopted public policies.
• Evaluate the novel approaches or innovative interpretations for developing policy alternatives for respective agencies and/or public organizations.
Objective 4 To participate in and contribute to the public policymaking process. Our faculty believes that a working knowledge of public policy, and the analysis of laws, regulations, and rulemaking by different agencies of the government is essential to being a good citizen and manager of public, nonprofit or health organizations. Further, an operational knowledge of the financial management of public, nonprofit and health organizations is critical to the development of public policy as the implementation of public programs requires the expenditure of public funds. To this end, the following measures are defined: -Analyze and evaluate public policymaking and its processes. -Examine and apply relationships between financial management and policy.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2018 Status
Achieved
In terms of outcome 2.b (Examine and apply relationships between financial management and policy) which is part of the NASPAA's Core Competencies which requires our unit to measure student's ability to 'Participate and Contribute the the Policy Process', this year's assessment continues to show exemplary written and analytical skills of necessary for policy analysis and advocacy regardless of assignments assessed. This measure has been reported to faculty who teach these courses as well.

Outcome MPA 2.b MPA -Financial Management

Students will examine and apply relationships between financial management and policy. Students will demonstrate knowledge of financial policies for public, nonprofit and health organizations. Students will be able to assess the organizational health of organizations using budget data.
Objective 5 To participate in and contribute to the public policymaking process. Our faculty believes that a working knowledge of public policy, and the analysis of laws, regulations, and rulemaking by different agencies of the government is essential to being a good citizen and manager of public, nonprofit or health organizations. Further, an operational knowledge of the financial management of public, nonprofit and health organizations is critical to the development of public policy as the implementation of public programs requires the expenditure of public funds. To this end, the following measures are defined: -Analyze and evaluate public policymaking and its processes. -Examine and apply relationships between financial management and policy.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2018 Status
Achieved
This cycle, PA 616, PA 663, and PA 631 were assessed. In this cycle assessment, student assignments scored on average 3.7 out of a 4.0 scale. The unit will continue to assess on a bi-annual basis as per NASPAA requirements.

Outcome MPA 3.a MPA - Decision Making

Students will have greater insight into decision-making processes, use that insight to make more effective decisions, possess a range of different perspectives on what counts as an ‘effective’ decision, be better equipped to understand and influence the decision-making processes of other individuals and groups, and understand better how people perceive and decide about risk within public, nonprofit and health organizations.
Objective 6 To analyze, synthesize, think critically, solve problems, and make decisions. To provide our students the competencies needed to think critically, use analytical skills in routine and unanticipated instances to solve a problem, as well as the skills to make decisions, the MPA committee, in consultation with full-time MPA faculty further defined the universal competencies provided by NASPAA within the context of our curriculum. To this end, the following SLO measures are defined: -Design and conduct appropriate research methodology to enhance decision-making. -Utilize academic or applied literature. -Engage multiple perspectives to assist in the management of public and nonprofit organizations.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2019 Status
Achieved
Since PA 520 was initially assessed, the course assignment average has remained above 80% indicating that the skills being assessed by the assignment are being measured well and that teaching quality is high.

2018 Status
Achieved
Since this is the first time PA 520 has been assessed on this competency, it is heartening to see that scores utilizing relevant literature and theories to address questions of interest are being understood by our students so well. PA 611 also was assessed on this competency as well as the policy courses in this cycle. PA 611 (Research Methods) had the lowest scores in this set (3.0/4.0). PA 520 averaged 4.0 out of 4.0 in this review. However, as the submission for measure 3.a and 3.c note- the assessment team believes that the short assignments used for PA 611made it difficult to assess total knowledge of research methods this cycle.

Outcome MPA 3.b MPA - Research Methods

Students will design appropriate research methodologies and conduct research into questions of interest. Students will understand a general definition of research design.
Students should know why research is undertaken, and the audiences that profit from research studies. Students should be able to identify the overall process of designing a research study from its inception to its report.
Students should be familiar with ethical issues in social research, including those issues that arise in using quantitative and qualitative research.
Objective 7 To analyze, synthesize, think critically, solve problems, and make decisions. To provide our students the competencies needed to think critically, use analytical skills in routine and unanticipated instances to solve a problem, as well as the skills to make decisions, the MPA committee, in consultation with full-time MPA faculty further defined the universal competencies provided by NASPAA within the context of our curriculum. To this end, the following SLO measures are defined: -Design and conduct appropriate research methodology to enhance decision-making. -Utilize academic or applied literature. -Engage multiple perspectives to assist in the management of public and nonprofit organizations.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2018 Status
Achieved
This is the first time PA 611 was assessed for feedback purposes. Baseline scores for the assignment was 74% or 3.0 out of a 4.0 scale. This information will be reported to the faculty members responsible for the course content. It should be noted, however, that the assignment used was two-fold: 1) was an assessment of one exam question analyzing a regression analysis and the second was a research design mock-up assignment. Both assignments assess the ability of students to analyze and interpret data but since they aren't culminating in nature (i.e., a final, longer analysis), rubric scores were lower than expected. Rubric scores were, however, above the 70% baseline for this competency.

2018 Status
Achieved
Two PA 611 assignments (an exam question on regression analysis and a research design assignment) were used in this assessment cycle. Baseline scores were 74% or 3.0 out of a 4.0 scale. This indicates that student knowledge in research methods is sufficient but that using an end of the semester final exam or longer project might be needed to ascertain the depth of student's knowledge in this area.

Outcome MPA 3.c MPA - Literature Review Development

Students will be proficient in finding relevant academic and/or applied literature appropriate to questions of interest. Students will be able to identify relevant theories, research questions, and methodological approaches in academic and applied literature. Finally, students will be able to conduct comprehensive literature reviews in various fields for research projects.
Objective 8 To analyze, synthesize, think critically, solve problems, and make decisions. To provide our students the competencies needed to think critically, use analytical skills in routine and unanticipated instances to solve a problem, as well as the skills to make decisions, the MPA committee, in consultation with full-time MPA faculty further defined the universal competencies provided by NASPAA within the context of our curriculum. To this end, the following SLO measures are defined: -Design and conduct appropriate research methodology to enhance decision-making. -Utilize academic or applied literature. -Engage multiple perspectives to assist in the management of public and nonprofit organizations.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Consistently exceed the threshold

2018 Status
Achieved
This measure is consistently scored with different assignments in each yearly cycle. The use of relevant academic literature in papers throughout our curriculum is an important skill to continually asses, therefore progress on this measure is reported to faculty on an annual basis.

Outcome MPA 4.a MPA - Ethical Management and Leadership

Students will review competing ethical frameworks and apply these frameworks to organizational situations, policies and social problems. Students will demonstrate an ability to recognize, articulate, and apply ethical principles in various academic, professional, social, or personal contexts.
Objective 9 To articulate and apply a public service perspective. To this end, the following SLO measures are defined: -Apply competing ethical frameworks to organizational situations, policies, and problems. -Explain the historical development of government and philanthropy. Ethical competency is inherently important to public and nonprofit management. Therefore our students are trained in different ethical perspectives throughout our curriculum. Understanding the historical significance of the nonprofit sector and its development within the United States is covered in PA 520 and discussed again in PA 619, our anchor courses within the program.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2019 Status
Achieved
This year's assessment of the ethics assignment shows continued progress in this area. Blinded review of assignments showed an average overall score of 80% meeting the target assessment value set by the MPA committee.

2018 Status
Not Yet Achieved
PA 619 Ethics Self-Assessment was not assessed in this annual cycle. It will be assessed in the 2019-2020 academic year.

Outcome MPA 4.b MPA - Historical Development of Public, Health and Nonprofit Sector

Students will gain an understanding of the major historical developments of government and the nonprofit sector in the United States. Students will understand the origins of philanthropy, state and local government, and differentiate between public and private organizations in the American context.
Objective 10 To articulate and apply a public service perspective. To this end, the following SLO measures are defined: -Apply competing ethical frameworks to organizational situations, policies, and problems. -Explain the historical development of government and philanthropy. Ethical competency is inherently important to public and nonprofit management. Therefore our students are trained in different ethical perspectives throughout our curriculum. Understanding the historical significance of the nonprofit sector and its development within the United States is covered in PA 520 and discussed again in PA 619, our anchor courses within the program.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2019 Status
Achieved
Assessment scores fell slightly since the last time this course was analyzed. One assignment that was submitted for blinded review had significantly lower scores than usual, indicating that one student had some trouble understanding the content of this particular assignment. It should be noted, however, that the remaining assignments in the year's review did not suffer from the same assignment quality indicating that overall, the SLO and the course content used to teach ethical frameworks is appropriate for PA 619.

Outcome MPA 5.a MPA - Public Personnel Systems

Students will examine public personnel systems. Students will analyze the impacts of diversity and equal opportunity policies within public, nonprofit and health organizations. Students will apply managerial and negotiating techniques within the collective bargaining environment.
Objective 11 To communicate and interact productively with a diverse and changing workforce and citizenry. To provide our students the competencies needed today's changing workforce and to teach specific sensitivities needed in dealing underserved, marginalized, and/or minority populations, the MPA committee, in consultation with full-time MPA faculty further defined the universal competencies provided by NASPAA within the context of our curriculum. To this end, the following measures are defined: -Explain and examine public personnel systems, diversity and equal opportunity and the collective bargaining environment. -Connect human resource management to strategic management. -Demonstrate effective communication, written and oral skills in professional settings.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2019 Status
Achieved
While the threshold score for PA 612 is 70%, this years review indicates differences in teaching between the two sections offered. One class had significantly lower SLO scores than the other. These differences will be reported to individual faculty so that improvements to teaching can be made.

Outcome MPA 5.b MPA - Strategic Management

Students will link theory and practice; develop an understanding of how to use strategic management tools to initiate and implement problem-solving processes. Students will identify management strategies which are appropriate to various scenarios and evaluating alternatives in terms of available relevant criteria. Students will evaluate and analyze facts to identify opportunities and threats in the external environment and strengths and weaknesses within the organization.
Objective 12 To provide our students the competencies needed today's changing workforce and to teach specific sensitivities needed in dealing underserved, marginalized, and/or minority populations, the MPA committee, in consultation with full-time MPA faculty further defined the universal competencies provided by NASPAA within the context of our curriculum. To this end, the following measures are defined: -Explain and examine public personnel systems, diversity and equal opportunity and the collective bargaining environment. -Connect human resource management to strategic management. -Demonstrate effective communication, written and oral skills in professional settings.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2019 Status
Achieved
Since PA 612 was initially assessed there has been marked volatility in scores for this course. This is due to a number of factors related to the number of faculty (adjunct and tenure track) that have taught this course. This course is also offered in a hybrid or in person, indicating that there may be some knowledge loss based on teaching modality. Future assessments will separate assignments based on teaching modality to isolate scoring volatility. In addition, low scores on the blinded reviews will be communicated to faculty member who taught PA 612 this past academic year.

Outcome MPA 5.c MPA - Written Communication

Write effectively for multiple purposes and audiences. Demonstrate effective communication, written and oral skills in a professional context.


Students will:
• Develop content that is appropriate to a specific disciplinary or professional context, drawing upon relevant sources.
• Organize written material to suit the purposes of the document and meet the needs of the intended audience.
• Express ideas using language that meets the needs and expectations of the intended audience.
• Use conventions of grammar, punctuation, usage, formatting, and citation appropriate to the specific writing situation.
Objective 13 To provide our students the competencies needed today's changing workforce and to teach specific sensitivities needed in dealing underserved, marginalized, and/or minority populations, the MPA committee, in consultation with full-time MPA faculty further defined the universal competencies provided by NASPAA within the context of our curriculum. To this end, the following measures are defined: -Explain and examine public personnel systems, diversity and equal opportunity and the collective bargaining environment. -Connect human resource management to strategic management. -Demonstrate effective communication, written and oral skills in professional settings.

Measure 1

2021 Status
Achieved
Students consistently exceed the threshold

2018 Status
Achieved
During this year's assessment cycle five assignments were assessed on measure 5.c. This year's scores were 3.6 out of a 4.0 scale which equates to 90% for all assignments assessed in this cycle.

2017 Status
Achieved
The MPA program continues to assess the Capstone project as required by NASPAA accreditation.