How do you recognize a panic attack?
A panic attack is defined as a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort,
in which 4 or more of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a
peak within 10 minutes:
- Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
- Feeling of choking
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Nausea or abdominal distress
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
- Feelings of unreality or being detached from oneself
- Fear of losing control or going crazy
- Fear of dying
- Numbness or tingling sensations
- Chills or hot flushes
A panic attack can be associated with any of the anxiety disorders (specific
phobia, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress
disorder, generalized anxiety disorder), but panic disorder itself is characterized
by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and persistent concerns about having
additional panic attacks.
Suggestions for intervening with a friend who has panic disorder:
Talk candidly with the person regarding your concerns for his or her well-being
Your primary objective is to convey feelings of concern and assistance. Other
suggestions include:
- Be empathic and understanding
- Encourage coping strategies that don’t rely on avoidance of anxiety
or panic-provoking stimuli
- Challenge expressions of hopelessness
- Advocate for the treatment of panic and anxiety; reassure them that there
are options
- Consult with a mental health professional yourself if you are concerned
about how to talk with your friend, or if your friend refuses necessary treatment
What to avoid when intervening with a friend who has panic disorder:
- Don’t minimize the severity of panic or anxiety symptoms
- Avoid critical or shaming statements
- Don’t argue about how bad things are
- Don’t become angry even though your efforts may be resisted or rejected
For more information regarding counseling, visit the GVSU Counseling Center website at www.gvsu.edu/counsel. For more information regarding panic and anxiety disorders, visit www.adaa.org, www.nmha.org/infoctr/index.cfm, and/or www.nimh.nih.gov/anxiety/anxietymenu.cfm.
